Brewing Traditional English Ale Without Hops: A Step-by-Step Guide

Many years ago I read in a book that ales in old England were not brewed with hops to add bitterness or flavour. Brewers used herbs, instead. The use of hops was an innovation of Dutch master brewers.

I thought it would be an interesting idea to experiment with home brewing beer with various herbs. Because I had no idea about what I was doing the experiment failed.

However, I am older and, hopefully, wiser and as a result I am now able to share with you a recipe for the types of ales that our ancestors would have drunk before hops came onto the scene. Now, I'm a fan of hoppy ales, but why not try something a little different? So please read on.

Brewing ale is a time-honoured tradition in England, dating back many centuries. Before the widespread use of hops, brewers relied on various herbs and spices to balance the sweetness of malt and add unique flavours to their ales. These brews, known as "gruit ales," offer a fascinating glimpse into the history of beer. Here's how you can make your own traditional English ale without hops at home.

Ingredients

Malt: Pale malt (4 kg) and a small amount of crystal malt (500 g) for added sweetness and colour.

Gruit Herbs: A mix of herbs such as yarrow (30 g), sweet gale (30 g), and mugwort (20 g). Adjust quantities based on your taste preferences.

Water: 20 litres of clean, filtered water.

Yeast: Traditional ale yeast, such as an English ale yeast (Wyeast 1098 or Safale S-04).

Equipment

A large brewing kettle (30 litres)

Fermenter (25 litres)

Airlock

Siphoning tube

Sanitising solution

A large spoon or paddle

Thermometer

Hydrometer (optional, for measuring specific gravity)

Method

Step 1: Preparation

Sanitise all your equipment thoroughly. Cleanliness is crucial to avoid contamination and ensure a successful brew.

Crush the malt if it isn't already pre-crushed. This helps in extracting fermentable sugars.

Step 2: Mashing

Heat 15 litres of water to around 72°C in your brewing kettle.

Add the crushed pale and crystal malt to the water, stirring well to avoid clumps. The temperature should stabilise around 66°C.

Maintain this temperature for 60 minutes. This process, called mashing, converts the malt’s starches into fermentable sugars.

Step 3: Lautering and Sparging

After mashing, separate the liquid wort from the spent grains. This can be done using a strainer or a specialised lautering setup.

Sparge the grains by pouring an additional 5 litres of hot water (around 77°C) over them to extract as much sugar as possible.

Step 4: Boiling and Adding Gruit

Bring the wort to a boil. Once boiling, add your gruit herbs. These herbs will provide the bitterness and unique flavours that hops typically would.

Add yarrow and sweet gale at the start of the 60-minute boil.

Add mugwort in the last 10 minutes of the boil to retain more of its delicate flavours.

Step 5: Cooling and Fermentation

After the boil, cool the wort rapidly to around 20°C. This can be done using an immersion chiller or by placing the kettle in a bath of ice water.

Transfer the cooled wort to a sanitised fermenter. Ensure you aerate the wort by splashing it around a bit as you transfer.

Pitch the yeast into the wort and seal the fermenter with an airlock.

Step 6: Fermentation

Allow the wort to ferment in a dark, cool place at around 18-22°C. Fermentation should take about one to two weeks. You’ll know it’s complete when bubbling in the airlock slows down or stops.

Optionally, use a hydrometer to check that the specific gravity has stabilised, indicating fermentation is complete.

Step 7: Bottling

Once fermentation is complete, siphon the beer into bottles, adding a small amount of priming sugar (approximately 5 grams per litre) to each bottle for carbonation.

Seal the bottles and store them at room temperature for two weeks to allow carbonation to develop.

Step 8: Enjoy

After carbonation, chill your bottles and enjoy your homemade traditional English ale. Notice the complex, earthy flavours imparted by the gruit herbs, offering a delightful journey back to the early days of brewing.

Final Thoughts

Brewing ale without hops not only connects you with a rich brewing heritage but also opens up a world of flavour possibilities. Experiment with different herbs and spices to create a brew that’s uniquely yours. Cheers to embracing the past and enjoying the timeless art of brewing!