Sjögren’s Syndrome (pronounced “SHOW-grins”) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own moisture-producing glands.
It primarily affects the salivary and tear glands, leading to persistent dry eyes and dry mouth, but it can also involve other organs such as the lungs, kidneys, joints, skin, and nerves.
Named after the Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren, who first described the condition in the 1930s, this syndrome is still under-recognised today, despite affecting an estimated half a million people in the UK.
Primary vs Secondary Sjögren’s
Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome occurs on its own, without the presence of another autoimmune condition.
Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome develops alongside another autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
Symptoms to Watch Out For
Sjögren’s Syndrome can affect people in very different ways, but the most common symptoms include:
Dry eyes (burning, gritty sensation, redness, blurred vision)
Dry mouth (difficulty swallowing, frequent thirst, dental issues)
Fatigue – often severe and chronic
Joint pain or swelling
Vaginal dryness
Dry skin or chronic cough
Swollen salivary glands
Peripheral neuropathy – numbness or tingling in hands and feet
Because many of these symptoms overlap with other conditions, Sjögren’s is often misdiagnosed or dismissed, particularly in women, who make up 90% of diagnosed cases.
Who’s at Risk?
Most commonly affects women over 40, although it can occur at any age
Family history of autoimmune diseases may increase risk
People with existing autoimmune conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to develop it as a secondary syndrome
Diagnosing Sjögren’s
Diagnosis can be challenging and often delayed. Typical tests include:
Blood tests (checking for ANA, SSA/Ro, and SSB/La antibodies)
Schirmer’s test to measure tear production
Salivary gland biopsy
Imaging like sialography or ultrasound of the salivary glands
A rheumatologist usually oversees diagnosis and treatment.
Living with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Although there is no cure, many people manage symptoms successfully with a combination of:
Artificial tears and saliva substitutes
Immunosuppressive medications (such as hydroxychloroquine)
Good oral hygiene and regular dental care
Moisturisers for skin and vaginal dryness
Pacing and rest for fatigue
Support groups and mental health care for emotional wellbeing
A multidisciplinary approach is essential, as the syndrome can affect many different systems.
Impact on Daily Life
Sjögren’s can significantly affect quality of life. Chronic dryness, fatigue, and joint pain may make it hard to work full-time, enjoy social activities, or maintain energy levels. Yet because it’s often an “invisible illness,” sufferers may feel misunderstood or dismissed.
Raising awareness is vital to improving early diagnosis, reducing stigma, and offering better support.
UK Resources for Support
Sjögren’s Syndrome UK (SSUK): www.sjogrenssyndromesupport.org.uk Offers support, information, and community forums.
Versus Arthritis – For those with secondary Sjögren’s.
The British Sjögren’s Syndrome Association (BSSA): Provides leaflets, webinars, and advice on living with the condition. https://sjogrensuk.org
NHS.uk – For general medical guidance and referrals.
Sjögren’s Syndrome is more than just a case of dry eyes or mouth, it’s a complex, systemic condition that can affect every aspect of a person’s life. By spreading awareness and encouraging those experiencing persistent symptoms to seek help, we can bring this under-recognised condition out of the shadows and into the spotlight where it belongs.
What foods and supplements might help people with Sjögren’s Syndrome?
1. Omega-3 Rich Foods
Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties which may help relieve dry eye symptoms and joint pain.
Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines)
Chia seeds
Flaxseeds
Walnuts
2. Hydrating Fruits and Vegetables
These support hydration and provide antioxidants.
Cucumber, celery, and lettuce
Watermelon and oranges
Berries (rich in vitamin C and polyphenols)
3. Anti-Inflammatory Foods
Reducing systemic inflammation may help with fatigue and joint discomfort.
Extra virgin olive oil
Tomatoes
Leafy greens (spinach, kale)
Turmeric and ginger (used in cooking or tea)
4. Soft, Moist Foods
These are easier to swallow and gentler on a dry mouth.
Soups and stews
Yoghurts and smoothies
Mashed vegetables or soft fruits
Supplements Worth Considering
1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Supplements such as fish oil or flaxseed oil may reduce eye dryness and inflammation. Always choose high-quality, mercury-free options.
2. Vitamin D
Many people with autoimmune conditions are deficient in vitamin D. Supplementation may support immune balance and reduce fatigue.
3. Vitamin C
Supports salivary gland function and overall immune health. Can be taken as a supplement or via diet.
4. Evening Primrose Oil or Borage Oil
Rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), these oils may help ease dryness and joint pain.
5. Probiotics
May support gut health and immune regulation, especially if the patient is also taking immunosuppressants.
Things to Avoid
Alcohol and caffeine – both can worsen dryness
Sugary and acidic foods – may aggravate dental issues common in Sjögren’s
Ultra-processed foods – may increase inflammation
Conclusion
While no specific diet cures Sjögren’s Syndrome, a nutrient-rich, anti-inflammatory eating plan alongside targeted supplements may significantly improve symptom management. It’s vital to consult a GP, dietitian, or rheumatologist before starting new supplements, particularly when other medications are involved.