Cooking Perfect Kebabs at Home

Kebabs are a versatile and delicious option for any meal, whether you’re hosting a summer barbecue or preparing a quick weeknight dinner. 

With a variety of marinades and combinations, you can tailor kebabs to suit any taste.

Here’s a comprehensive guide to cooking perfect kebabs at home.

Ingredients

For approximately 4 servings, you will need:

For the Marinade:

4 tablespoons olive oil

2 tablespoons lemon juice

2 cloves garlic, minced

1 teaspoon paprika

1 teaspoon ground cumin

1 teaspoon dried oregano

Salt and pepper to taste

For the Kebabs:

500g boneless chicken breast or thigh, beef, lamb, or a mixture

1 red onion, cut into chunks

1 green pepper, cut into chunks

1 red pepper, cut into chunks

200g cherry tomatoes

Wooden or metal skewers (if using wooden skewers, soak them in water for 30 minutes to prevent burning)

Instructions

Step 1: Preparing the Marinade

Mix the Marinade: In a large bowl, combine the olive oil, lemon juice, minced garlic, paprika, ground cumin, dried oregano, salt, and pepper. Whisk until well blended.

Step 2: Preparing the Meat and Vegetables

Cut the Meat: Cut your chosen meat into 2.5cm (1-inch) cubes. This size ensures even cooking and allows the marinade to penetrate effectively.

Chop the Vegetables: Cut the red onion and peppers into similar-sized chunks, roughly 2.5cm (1-inch) pieces. Leave the cherry tomatoes whole.

Step 3: Marinating

Combine Meat and Marinade: Add the meat cubes to the bowl of marinade, ensuring they are well coated. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour, preferably overnight, to allow the flavours to develop.

Optional – Marinate Vegetables: If you like, you can marinate the vegetables as well, but keep them separate from the meat to prevent cross-contamination.

Step 4: Assembling the Kebabs

Thread the Skewers: Alternate threading the meat and vegetables onto the skewers. For example, start with a piece of meat, followed by a chunk of red onion, a cherry tomato, a piece of green pepper, and then another piece of meat. Repeat until the skewer is full, leaving a bit of space at each end.

Step 5: Cooking the Kebabs

Preheat the Grill: Preheat your grill or barbecue to a medium-high heat, about 200°C (392°F). If using an oven, preheat to the same temperature and use the grill setting.

Grill the Kebabs: Place the skewers on the grill. Cook for 10-15 minutes, turning occasionally, until the meat is cooked through and the vegetables are tender. The internal temperature of the meat should reach 75°C (165°F) for chicken and 63°C (145°F) for beef or lamb.

Oven Method: If using an oven, place the kebabs on a baking tray and grill, turning occasionally, for 15-20 minutes.

Serving Suggestions

Side Dishes: Serve your kebabs with fluffy couscous, a fresh green salad, or warm pita bread.

Sauces: Accompany with a tangy yoghurt sauce, spicy harissa, or a classic garlic mayonnaise.

Garnish: Garnish with chopped fresh parsley or coriander for a burst of freshness.

Tips for Perfect Kebabs

Even Cooking: Ensure all the pieces of meat and vegetables are cut to a uniform size for even cooking.

Skewer Choice: If using wooden skewers, soak them in water for at least 30 minutes before threading to prevent them from burning.

Resting Time: Let the kebabs rest for a few minutes after cooking to allow the juices to redistribute within the meat, ensuring maximum flavour.

Conclusion

Cooking perfect kebabs at home is simple and rewarding, offering a delicious and customisable meal option. With the right marinade and careful preparation, you can achieve juicy, flavourful kebabs that are sure to impress. Whether grilled on a barbecue or cooked in the oven, these kebabs will become a favourite in your household. Enjoy your culinary adventure!

Understanding Marinades

A good marinade typically includes three main components:

Acid: Lemon juice, vinegar, or yoghurt to tenderise the meat.

Oil: Olive oil, vegetable oil, or another fat to keep the meat moist and help distribute flavours.

Flavourings: Herbs, spices, garlic, soy sauce, honey, or other ingredients to add depth and complexity.

Basic Marinade Recipe

For 500g of meat, you will need:

4 tablespoons olive oil

2 tablespoons lemon juice or vinegar

2 cloves garlic, minced

1 teaspoon salt

1 teaspoon black pepper

Optional: 1 teaspoon dried herbs (such as thyme, rosemary, or oregano)

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Preparing the Marinade

Mix the Ingredients: In a bowl, combine the olive oil, lemon juice or vinegar, minced garlic, salt, pepper, and any optional herbs or spices. Whisk until well combined.

Step 2: Preparing the Meat

Trim and Cut: Trim any excess fat from the meat. Depending on the recipe, you may need to cut the meat into smaller pieces or leave it whole.

Tenderise: For tougher cuts of meat, you can tenderise it by gently pounding it with a meat mallet.

Step 3: Marinating

Combine Meat and Marinade: Place the meat in a large resealable plastic bag, shallow dish, or bowl. Pour the marinade over the meat, ensuring it is evenly coated.

Refrigerate: Cover the dish or seal the bag, then refrigerate. The marinating time depends on the type of meat and the intensity of flavour you want to achieve:

Chicken: 1 to 4 hours

Beef: 2 to 24 hours

Pork: 1 to 4 hours

Lamb: 2 to 24 hours

Fish and Seafood: 15 to 30 minutes

Step 4: Cooking

Remove from Marinade: Take the meat out of the marinade and let it sit at room temperature for about 30 minutes before cooking. This ensures even cooking.

Pat Dry: Lightly pat the meat dry with kitchen paper to remove excess marinade. This helps achieve a nice sear when cooking.

Cook: Cook the meat using your preferred method – grilling, roasting, frying, or barbecuing. Ensure it reaches the appropriate internal temperature:

Chicken: 75°C (165°F)

Beef: 63°C (145°F) for medium-rare, higher for more well-done

Pork: 63°C (145°F)

Lamb: 63°C (145°F) for medium-rare, higher for more well-done

Fish and Seafood: 63°C (145°F)

Tips for Successful Marinating

Don’t Overdo It: Avoid marinating for too long, as the meat can become mushy, especially with highly acidic marinades.

Use a Non-Reactive Container: Always use glass, ceramic, or food-grade plastic containers. Avoid metal as it can react with the acid in the marinade.

Reserve Some Marinade: If you want to use the marinade as a sauce, reserve a portion before adding the meat. Do not reuse marinade that has been in contact with raw meat unless you boil it thoroughly to kill any bacteria.

Flavour Variations

Asian-Inspired: Soy sauce, ginger, garlic, sesame oil, and a splash of rice vinegar.

Mediterranean: Olive oil, lemon juice, garlic, oregano, and thyme.

Barbecue: Ketchup, brown sugar, Worcestershire sauce, smoked paprika, and garlic powder.

Spicy: Chilli powder, cumin, coriander, garlic, and lime juice.

Conclusion

Marinating meat is a simple yet effective way to elevate your cooking. By following these steps and using the right ingredients, you can create delicious, tender, and flavourful dishes that will impress your family and friends. Experiment with different marinades to find your favourite combinations, and enjoy the process of making your meals even more delicious. Happy marinating!

Building and Operating Your Own Smoking Box at Home: A British Guide

Smoking food at home can impart rich, deep flavours that transform ordinary ingredients into gourmet delicacies. 

While commercial smokers can be expensive, building and operating your own smoking box is a cost-effective and rewarding alternative. 

This guide will walk you through the steps to create and use a smoking box.

Building Your Smoking Box

Materials Needed

A large metal box or a sturdy metal bin with a lid

A metal grate or rack that fits inside the box

Aluminium foil

A drill with a 12mm (½ inch) bit

Metal screws

Heat-resistant sealant

A small metal pan for wood chips

Wood chips (such as oak, apple, or hickory)

A thermometer (optional, but recommended)

Step-by-Step Instructions

Choose Your Box: Select a large, sturdy metal box or bin with a lid. It should be spacious enough to hold your food and a rack while allowing some room for airflow.

Create Ventilation: Drill several holes (about 6 to 8) around the bottom of the box and a few in the lid. This will ensure proper ventilation and allow smoke to circulate.

Install the Grate: Place a metal grate or rack inside the box, about 15cm (6 inches) above the bottom. Secure it with metal screws and support brackets, ensuring it is stable and can hold the weight of the food.

Add a Chip Pan: Place a small metal pan at the bottom of the box to hold the wood chips. Line it with aluminium foil for easier cleanup.

Seal Gaps: Use heat-resistant sealant to seal any gaps around the edges of the box and the holes. This helps maintain consistent smoke and temperature levels.

Optional Thermometer: If desired, drill a small hole in the lid to insert a thermometer. This allows you to monitor the internal temperature of the smoking box.

Operating Your Smoking Box

Preparing the Smoking Box

Soak Wood Chips: Soak your wood chips in water for at least 30 minutes. This helps them smoulder and produce smoke rather than burn quickly.

Preheat the Box: Light a small fire or use a portable burner beneath the smoking box to preheat it. Aim for an internal temperature of around 107°C (225°F).

Add Wood Chips: Drain the soaked wood chips and place them in the metal pan at the bottom of the box.

Preparing the Food

Seasoning: Season your meat, fish, or vegetables with your favourite rubs, marinades, or spices. Allow the flavours to infuse for at least 30 minutes before smoking.

Place on Grate: Arrange the food on the metal grate, ensuring it is not overcrowded to allow even smoke distribution.

Smoking Process

Monitor Temperature: Keep an eye on the thermometer and adjust the heat source as needed to maintain a consistent temperature of around 107°C (225°F).

Add Wood Chips: Check the wood chips every 45-60 minutes, adding more as needed to maintain a steady stream of smoke.

Smoking Time: Smoking times vary depending on the type and size of the food. As a general guide:

Chicken: 2 to 3 hours

Beef Brisket: 6 to 8 hours

Pork Ribs: 5 to 6 hours

Fish: 1 to 2 hours

Check for Doneness: Use a meat thermometer to check the internal temperature of the meat. For example, chicken should reach 75°C (165°F), while beef brisket should be around 93°C (200°F) for optimal tenderness.

Resting and Serving

Rest the Meat: Once done, remove the food from the smoking box and let it rest for 10-15 minutes. This allows the juices to redistribute, enhancing the flavour and tenderness.

Serve: Slice and serve your smoked delicacies with your favourite sides and sauces.

Tips for Success

Experiment with Woods: Different wood chips impart different flavours. Experiment with oak, apple, hickory, and cherry to find your favourite.

Maintain Consistency: Keep the smoking box closed as much as possible to maintain a consistent temperature and smoke level.

Safety First: Always operate your smoking box in a well-ventilated outdoor area, away from flammable materials.

Conclusion

Building and operating your own smoking box at home is a rewarding project that can elevate your culinary skills. With a few materials and some basic steps, you can create mouth-watering smoked dishes that will impress your family and friends. Enjoy the process and savour the rich, smoky flavours of your homemade creations. Happy smoking!

Sea Moss: The Ultimate Superfood for Health and Wellness

In the ever-evolving world of health and wellness, the term "superfood" is frequently bandied about, often attached to the latest dietary craze. 

However, some foods truly deserve this lofty title due to their exceptional nutritional profiles and health benefits. 

One such gem is sea moss, also known as Irish moss or Chondrus crispus. This remarkable seaweed has been celebrated for centuries for its impressive array of health benefits. 

In this blog post, we’ll explore what sea moss is, its nutritional content, and why it’s hailed as a superfood.

What is Sea Moss?

Sea moss is a type of red algae found along the rocky parts of the Atlantic coast of Europe and North America. Its use dates back hundreds of years, particularly in Ireland and the Caribbean, where it was traditionally boiled to extract carrageenan, a gelatinous substance used in food preparation. Beyond its culinary uses, sea moss has been prized for its medicinal properties and is now gaining widespread recognition as a superfood.

Nutritional Profile

One of the reasons sea moss has gained such acclaim is due to its impressive nutritional content. Here are some of the key nutrients found in sea moss:

Vitamins and Minerals: Sea moss is a rich source of vitamins A, C, E, and K, as well as B vitamins, including B2 (riboflavin) and B9 (folate). It also contains significant amounts of iodine, calcium, potassium, and magnesium.

Antioxidants: Packed with antioxidants, sea moss helps combat oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.

Dietary Fibre: Sea moss contains soluble fibre, which supports digestive health by promoting regular bowel movements and nurturing beneficial gut bacteria.

Amino Acids: It provides a range of essential amino acids, the building blocks of protein, crucial for muscle repair and overall bodily functions.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These essential fats are important for heart health, brain function, and reducing inflammation.

Health Benefits

Boosts Immune System: Sea moss is known for its immune-boosting properties, thanks to its high content of vitamins and minerals. The presence of antiviral and antimicrobial compounds also supports the body's defence mechanisms.

Promotes Digestive Health: The soluble fibre in sea moss acts as a prebiotic, feeding the beneficial bacteria in your gut. This can improve digestion and alleviate issues such as bloating and constipation.

Supports Thyroid Function: Iodine is essential for healthy thyroid function, and sea moss is an excellent natural source. Adequate iodine levels help regulate metabolism and energy production.

Enhances Skin Health: The vitamins and minerals in sea moss, particularly vitamins A, C, and E, contribute to healthy, glowing skin. Its hydrating properties can also help maintain skin elasticity and reduce dryness.

Aids in Weight Loss: Sea moss’s high fibre content can help you feel fuller for longer, reducing overall calorie intake. It also supports a healthy metabolism, which can aid in weight management.

Improves Joint and Bone Health: Rich in calcium and magnesium, sea moss supports bone health and can help alleviate joint pain and inflammation.

How to Incorporate Sea Moss into Your Diet

Sea moss can be consumed in various forms, including:

Raw: Soaked and added to smoothies or salads.

Gel: Made by blending soaked sea moss with water until it reaches a gel-like consistency. This can be added to drinks, soups, and sauces.

Powder: Mixed into drinks, smoothies, or sprinkled on food.

Capsules: For those who prefer a more convenient option, sea moss supplements are available in capsule form.

Conclusion

Sea moss is more than just a passing trend; it’s a nutrient-dense superfood with a long history of providing health benefits. Whether you’re looking to boost your immune system, improve digestion, support thyroid function, or enhance skin health, incorporating sea moss into your diet can be a game-changer. As with any supplement, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before adding sea moss to your regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medication.

Dive into the world of sea moss and discover the incredible benefits this marine superfood has to offer. 

SEVEN BROTHERS joins with Brew York to brew special, collaborative purple beer

 

SEVEN BRO7HERS BREWING CO has joined with its friends from Brew York to produce a special, limited-edition vanilla and blackcurrant sour.

The Salford and York based breweries have worked together to craft 'Current Affairs' a 4.0% ABV beer available exclusively to the SEVEN BRO7HERS webshop.

Designed for drinkers  looking for something a little out of the ordinary, this is a delicious purple beer. Made with big, gorgeous berries and a hint of vanilla, the sweetness balances the sourness.

It's The beer is vegan and priced at £2.95 per 440ml can. It's available now online.

 Keith McAvoy CEO for SEVEN BRO7HERS said: “At the heart of our brewery is collaboration, craft brewing should be an explorative, social experience. It has been great welcoming the guys from Brew York to Salford to brew Current Affairs. 

“As a team it's vital we work with new expertise and share in the enjoy of making craft beer. This sour has given our brewing team the chance to collaborate with a team who are equally passionate about making great tasting beer. Everyone should taste it, it's unique and addictively drinkable.”

The brothers will be producing two beers with Brew York this year, one will be brewed in Salford the other at their site in Walmgate, York.

https://www.sevenbro7hers.com/products/currant-affairs

Iconic Dishes and Drinks Popular in London

London, a melting pot of cultures and cuisines, offers a rich tapestry of culinary delights. 

Whether you're a local or a visitor, the city's food scene provides an array of iconic dishes and drinks that capture the essence of British heritage and its diverse influences. 

Here's a guide to some must-try items in London.

1. Fish and Chips

No visit to London is complete without indulging in the classic British staple, fish and chips. Traditionally served with a side of mushy peas and a generous helping of salt and vinegar, this dish is a firm favourite among Londoners. The best places to enjoy this crispy, golden delight are often found near the city’s bustling markets or historic pubs.

2. Full English Breakfast

The full English breakfast is a hearty way to start your day. It typically includes bacon, sausages, eggs (fried or scrambled), baked beans, tomatoes, mushrooms, black pudding, and toast. Some variations may also include hash browns or bubble and squeak. Many cafés and restaurants across London pride themselves on serving a top-notch English breakfast, making it a perfect morning treat.

3. Pie and Mash

Steeped in history, pie and mash is a traditional East End dish that has stood the test of time. This comforting meal consists of a savoury pie filled with minced beef, served with mashed potatoes and a parsley liquor sauce. For an authentic experience, head to one of London’s historic pie and mash shops, many of which have been serving the dish for over a century.

4. Sunday Roast

The Sunday roast is a quintessential British tradition. Typically enjoyed on Sunday afternoons, this meal features roasted meat (beef, lamb, chicken, or pork), roast potatoes, Yorkshire pudding, vegetables, and gravy. Many London pubs and restaurants offer this classic dish, often with a modern twist.

5. Afternoon Tea

Afternoon tea is a beloved British institution, combining elegance and indulgence. This delightful experience includes a selection of finger sandwiches, scones with clotted cream and jam, and an assortment of pastries and cakes, all served with a pot of tea. Iconic venues like The Ritz and Claridge’s are renowned for their luxurious afternoon tea offerings.

6. Indian Curry

Reflecting London’s multicultural identity, Indian curry has become a beloved dish in the city. Brick Lane, known as the heart of London’s Bangladeshi community, is famed for its array of curry houses. From chicken tikka masala to lamb vindaloo, the vibrant flavours and rich spices make for an unforgettable dining experience.

Iconic Drinks

1. Pimm’s Cup

Pimm’s Cup is a quintessentially British summer drink, perfect for enjoying on a warm day in one of London’s many parks. Made with Pimm’s No. 1, lemonade, and garnished with fresh fruit, cucumber, and mint, this refreshing cocktail is a staple at garden parties and sporting events like Wimbledon.

2. Gin and Tonic

London has a long-standing love affair with gin, and there’s no better place to enjoy a classic gin and tonic. The city is home to numerous gin distilleries, offering tours and tastings. Savour a G&T at a trendy rooftop bar or a cosy pub, and explore the variety of local and international gin brands available.

3. London Porter

For beer enthusiasts, the London Porter is a must-try. This dark, rich ale has been brewed in the city since the 18th century and remains a favourite among locals. With notes of chocolate, coffee, and caramel, it’s best enjoyed in one of London’s historic pubs, where you can soak up the traditional atmosphere.

4. Craft Beer

London’s craft beer scene has exploded in recent years, with numerous breweries offering unique and innovative brews. From pale ales to stouts, there’s a craft beer for every palate. Popular breweries like Beavertown, Camden Town Brewery, and Brew By Numbers are worth a visit for a taste of London’s thriving craft beer culture.

Conclusion

London’s culinary landscape is as diverse as its population, offering a plethora of iconic dishes and drinks that reflect the city’s rich history and cultural fusion. Whether you’re indulging in traditional British fare or exploring the latest food trends, London’s vibrant food scene promises an unforgettable gastronomic journey.

Foods and Drinks Special to Scotland

Scotland boasts a rich culinary heritage that reflects its rugged landscapes, historic traditions, and diverse cultural influences. From hearty dishes to distinctive beverages, Scotland's food and drink offer a true taste of its identity. Here’s a guide to some iconic Scottish foods and drinks that you must try.

1. Haggis

Haggis is Scotland's national dish, and no visit to the country would be complete without trying it. This savoury pudding is made from sheep’s offal (heart, liver, and lungs) mixed with oatmeal, suet, and spices, then encased in a sheep’s stomach and simmered for hours. Traditionally served with "neeps and tatties" (turnips and potatoes), haggis is often enjoyed on Burns Night, celebrating the poet Robert Burns. Incidentally, vegan haggis is now available.

2. Scotch Pie

A beloved staple, the Scotch pie is a small, double-crust meat pie filled with minced mutton or other meats, seasoned with pepper and spices. This portable snack is perfect for on-the-go meals and is commonly found at football matches, bakeries, and pubs across Scotland.

3. Cullen Skink

Cullen skink is a traditional Scottish soup originating from the town of Cullen in Moray. Made with smoked haddock, potatoes, and onions, this creamy and hearty soup is perfect for warming up on a cold day. It’s often served with crusty bread and is a popular starter in many Scottish restaurants.

4. Arbroath Smokies

Arbroath smokies are a type of smoked haddock traditionally prepared in the fishing town of Arbroath. The fish is salted, dried, and then smoked over hardwood fires, giving it a distinctive flavour and texture. Arbroath smokies can be enjoyed on their own or as part of various dishes, including fish pies and salads.

5. Black Pudding

Black pudding is a type of blood sausage that’s a staple in Scottish breakfasts. Made from pork blood, fat, and oatmeal, it has a rich, savoury taste. Often served alongside eggs, bacon, and tattie scones, black pudding adds a distinctive flavour to the traditional Scottish breakfast.

6. Tablet

For those with a sweet tooth, Scottish tablet is a must-try. This sugary confection is similar to fudge but with a grainier texture. Made from sugar, condensed milk, and butter, it’s cooked to a high temperature and then cooled to set. It’s a popular treat at festivals, fairs, and as a gift to bring back home.

Iconic Drinks

1. Whisky

Scottish whisky, or Scotch, is perhaps the most famous of Scotland’s exports. With a history stretching back centuries, Scotch whisky is made from malt or grain and aged in oak barrels for at least three years. There are five main whisky regions in Scotland: Highlands, Lowlands, Speyside, Islay, and Campbeltown, each producing whiskies with distinct characteristics. A distillery tour is a fantastic way to learn about the whisky-making process and sample different varieties.

Irn-Bru, often dubbed "Scotland's other national drink" after whisky, is a bright orange carbonated soft drink known for its unique taste. Made with a blend of 32 flavours, it has a slightly fruity, slightly medicinal flavour that’s hard to describe but beloved by Scots. It’s a popular mixer with spirits or enjoyed on its own.

3. Scottish Ale

Scotland has a rich tradition of brewing, producing a variety of ales that are enjoyed both locally and internationally. Scottish ales are known for their malt-forward flavours and come in several styles, including light, heavy, export, and wee heavy (strong ale). Breweries like Belhaven and BrewDog are renowned for their quality brews.

4. Hot Toddy

A hot toddy is a warming Scottish drink made with whisky, honey, lemon, and hot water. Often consumed to ward off the chill of the Scottish weather or as a remedy for colds, it’s a comforting beverage that showcases the versatility of Scottish whisky.

5. Heather Ale

Heather ale is a historic Scottish beer brewed with heather flowers instead of hops, giving it a distinctive floral aroma and flavour. This ancient brewing tradition dates back thousands of years and has been revived by modern craft brewers. It’s a unique drink that offers a taste of Scotland’s natural landscape.

Conclusion

Scotland’s culinary offerings are as diverse and rich as its history and landscapes. From traditional dishes like haggis and Cullen skink to world-renowned whiskies and unique beverages like Irn-Bru, Scotland’s food and drink provide a memorable gastronomic experience. Whether you’re exploring bustling cities or the serene Highlands, indulging in these iconic foods and drinks is a delightful way to connect with Scottish culture.

Iconic Food and Drinks of New Zealand

New Zealand, a land of stunning landscapes and rich cultural heritage, also boasts a vibrant culinary scene. 

From traditional Māori dishes to modern fusion cuisine, New Zealand’s food and drink offer a delicious reflection of its unique environment and diverse influences. 

Here’s a guide to some of the iconic foods and drinks you must try when visiting New Zealand.

1. Hāngi

Hāngi is a traditional Māori cooking method where food is slow-cooked in an underground pit oven. Meat (usually pork, chicken, or lamb), root vegetables (such as kumara, potatoes, and carrots), and sometimes seafood are wrapped in leaves or cloth, placed on hot stones, and covered with earth to steam for several hours. The result is tender, smoky-flavoured food that’s deeply infused with earthy aromas. Experiencing a hāngi is not just about the food; it’s a cultural event that often includes traditional music and dance.

2. Pavlova

Pavlova, a beloved dessert claimed by both New Zealand and Australia, is a meringue-based treat with a crisp crust and soft, marshmallow-like interior. It’s typically topped with whipped cream and fresh fruit, such as kiwifruit, strawberries, and passionfruit. This light and airy dessert is a favourite at celebrations and festive occasions across New Zealand.

3. Kiwifruit

Named after New Zealand’s national bird, the kiwifruit is a symbol of the country’s agricultural prowess. These small, fuzzy fruits with vibrant green flesh are sweet, tangy, and packed with vitamins. They can be enjoyed on their own, added to fruit salads, or used as a topping for desserts like pavlova.

4. Lamb

New Zealand is renowned for its high-quality lamb, which is a staple of the national diet. Whether roasted, grilled, or turned into lamb chops, the meat is known for its tenderness and rich flavour. A classic New Zealand dish is roast lamb, often served with mint sauce, potatoes, and seasonal vegetables.

5. Whitebait Fritters

Whitebait fritters are a quintessential New Zealand delicacy, especially popular on the West Coast of the South Island. Made with tiny, translucent fish known as whitebait, the fritters are usually cooked with eggs, flour, and seasoning, resulting in a light, crispy treat. They are often enjoyed with lemon juice and a slice of buttered bread.

6. Pies

New Zealanders have a particular fondness for savoury pies, which are a staple in bakeries and convenience stores across the country. These hand-held pastries are typically filled with minced meat, cheese, and other ingredients like mushrooms, bacon, or vegetables. The steak and cheese pie is a classic favourite, perfect for a quick and satisfying meal.

Iconic Drinks

1. New Zealand Wine

New Zealand is globally recognised for its exceptional wine, particularly Sauvignon Blanc from the Marlborough region. The country’s cool climate and diverse terroir produce a range of high-quality wines, including Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Riesling. Visiting a vineyard for a wine tasting is a must-do activity for wine enthusiasts travelling to New Zealand.

2. Flat White

The flat white is a coffee beverage that originated in New Zealand (or Australia, depending on who you ask). It’s similar to a latte but with a higher coffee-to-milk ratio and a velvety microfoam. This smooth, creamy coffee is a staple in New Zealand’s thriving café culture, and no visit is complete without enjoying one at a local café.

3. Craft Beer

New Zealand’s craft beer scene has exploded in recent years, with numerous microbreweries producing a variety of innovative and flavourful beers. From hoppy IPAs to rich stouts and refreshing lagers, there’s a craft beer for every taste. Breweries like Garage Project and Emerson’s are popular for their creative brews and are well worth a visit.

4. Lemon & Paeroa (L&P)

Lemon & Paeroa, commonly known as L&P, is a classic New Zealand soft drink with a distinct lemony flavour. Originally made by combining lemon juice with carbonated mineral water from the town of Paeroa, L&P is now a beloved national beverage enjoyed on its own or as a mixer.

5. Manuka Honey

While not a drink in itself, manuka honey is a unique New Zealand product often used to sweeten beverages like tea. Made from the nectar of the native manuka bush, this honey is prized for its distinctive flavour and health benefits. Many cafés offer drinks infused with manuka honey, providing a delicious and nutritious treat.

Conclusion

New Zealand’s culinary offerings are as diverse and captivating as its landscapes. From traditional Māori cuisine to modern gastronomic delights, the country’s food and drink reflect its rich cultural heritage and natural bounty. Whether you’re savouring a hāngi, indulging in a pavlova, or sipping a glass of world-class wine, New Zealand’s iconic foods and drinks provide a memorable taste of this extraordinary land.

How Astronauts Travelling to Mars Would Be Kept Fed and Hydrated

Embarking on a mission to Mars presents one of the most challenging endeavours in human space exploration. 

One of the critical aspects of such a mission is ensuring that astronauts remain well-fed and hydrated during the long journey to and from the Red Planet.

 Here’s a look at how space agencies plan to address these vital needs for Mars-bound astronauts.

1. Challenges of Space Nutrition and Hydration

The journey to Mars is expected to take around six to nine months each way, depending on the alignment of Earth and Mars. Ensuring that astronauts have sufficient food and water for the round trip, as well as for their stay on Mars, involves overcoming several challenges:

Weight and Space Constraints: Every kilogramme of supplies adds to the launch weight, increasing the cost and complexity of the mission.

Nutritional Needs: Astronauts require a balanced diet to maintain their health, strength, and cognitive functions.

Shelf Life: Food must remain safe and palatable over extended periods without refrigeration.

Microgravity: The absence of gravity affects how fluids behave and how the body processes nutrients.

2. Food for the Journey

To meet these challenges, space agencies like NASA and ESA (European Space Agency) are developing advanced food systems that ensure astronauts have access to nutritious and varied meals.

a. Pre-packaged Space Food

Much like the meals used on the International Space Station (ISS), food for Mars missions will be pre-packaged and designed for long shelf life. These meals include:

Thermostabilised Pouches: Foods are heat-processed to kill bacteria and sealed in pouches, similar to military MREs (Meals, Ready-to-Eat).

Freeze-dried Foods: Water is removed through sublimation, preserving nutrients and flavour. Astronauts rehydrate these meals with water before consumption.

Compressed Snacks: Nutrient-dense bars and snacks provide quick, easy-to-eat options.

b. Variety and Palatability

A varied menu helps prevent menu fatigue and ensures astronauts receive a range of nutrients. Space agencies work with chefs and nutritionists to develop appealing recipes. Example menus include international dishes, as well as comfort foods like pasta, soups, and stews.

3. Innovations in Space Farming

Given the extended duration of a Mars mission, reliance solely on pre-packaged food may not be feasible. Growing fresh produce on board can provide essential nutrients and improve psychological well-being.

a. Hydroponics and Aeroponics

These soil-free growing methods are ideal for space. Hydroponics involves growing plants in nutrient-rich water, while aeroponics suspends roots in the air and mists them with nutrients. These systems can grow leafy greens, herbs, and small vegetables, providing fresh food and recycling air by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.

b. Closed-Loop Systems

A closed-loop system recycles water and nutrients, minimising waste. These systems can integrate with the spacecraft’s life support systems, using greywater (wastewater from sinks and showers) to nourish plants, creating a sustainable environment.

4. Water Supply and Hydration

Water is crucial for hydration, food preparation, and hygiene. However, the sheer volume required makes it impractical to carry all the necessary water from Earth.

a. Water Recycling

Modern spacecraft use advanced water recycling systems to purify and reuse water from urine, sweat, and other sources. The ISS’s Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) recycles up to 93% of water on board, and similar or improved systems will be essential for Mars missions.

b. Ice Mining

One potential solution for long-term missions involves extracting water from Martian ice. Recent discoveries suggest significant ice deposits just below the Martian surface. If feasible, astronauts could mine and purify this water for use, reducing the amount they need to bring from Earth.

5. Conclusion

Feeding and hydrating astronauts on a mission to Mars involves innovative solutions that address the unique challenges of space travel. From pre-packaged meals and advanced farming techniques to sophisticated water recycling systems, these strategies aim to ensure that astronauts remain healthy and well-nourished throughout their journey. 

As space agencies continue to develop these technologies, the dream of a manned mission to Mars becomes ever more achievable, promising a new era of exploration and discovery.

How to Make Healthy Vegetable Crisps at Home

Crisps are a beloved snack in Britain and Irleand but the shop-bought varieties are often laden with unhealthy fats, excessive salt, and artificial additives. 

Making your own vegetable crisps at home is a fantastic way to enjoy a healthier, tastier alternative. 

Plus, it’s a great way to use up vegetables that might otherwise go to waste. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making delicious, healthy vegetable crisps in your own kitchen.

Ingredients

To make a batch of healthy vegetable crisps, you’ll need the following ingredients:

Vegetables: Choose a variety of vegetables for a colourful and nutritious mix. Good options include:

Sweet potatoes

Beetroot

Potatoes

Carrots

Parsnips

Courgettes

Olive oil: Approximately 2 tablespoons, or enough to lightly coat the vegetables.

Seasonings: Sea salt, black pepper, paprika, garlic powder, or your favourite herbs and spices.

Equipment

Sharp knife or mandoline slicer: For slicing the vegetables thinly and evenly.

Mixing bowl

Baking tray

Parchment paper

Oven

Instructions

1. Preheat the Oven

Start by preheating your oven to 180°C (160°C fan) or gas mark 4. This ensures that the oven is hot enough to crisp up the vegetables without burning them.

2. Prepare the Vegetables

Wash and peel the vegetables if necessary. Using a sharp knife or mandoline slicer, slice the vegetables into thin, even slices about 2-3 mm thick. The thinner the slices, the crispier the crisps will be.

3. Season the Vegetables

Place the vegetable slices in a large mixing bowl. Drizzle them with olive oil and sprinkle with your chosen seasonings. Toss the vegetables to ensure they are evenly coated. Be careful not to use too much oil, as this can make the crisps greasy.

4. Arrange on Baking Trays

Line your baking trays with parchment paper to prevent sticking. Arrange the vegetable slices in a single layer on the trays, ensuring they don’t overlap. Overlapping slices can result in uneven cooking and soggy crisps.

5. Bake the Vegetables

Place the trays in the preheated oven. Bake the vegetables for 15-20 minutes, checking them frequently after the first 10 minutes. Rotate the trays halfway through cooking to ensure even baking. The exact time will depend on the thickness of your slices and the type of vegetable. The crisps should be golden brown and slightly curled at the edges when done.

6. Cool and Store

Once baked, remove the trays from the oven and let the vegetable crisps cool on the trays for a few minutes. This helps them firm up and become crispier. Once completely cool, store the crisps in an airtight container. They can be kept for several days, but are best enjoyed fresh.

Tips for Perfect Vegetable Crisps

Uniform Slices: Ensure that all the slices are of uniform thickness to guarantee even cooking. A mandoline slicer is particularly helpful for this.

Minimal Overlapping: Avoid overlapping the slices on the baking trays. If necessary, bake in batches to ensure each slice has enough space.

Watch Closely: Vegetable crisps can go from perfectly crisp to burnt very quickly, so keep a close eye on them, especially towards the end of the baking time.

Experiment with Flavours: Don’t be afraid to experiment with different seasoning combinations. Rosemary and thyme work well with sweet potatoes, while a bit of cumin can add an interesting twist to carrot crisps.

Conclusion

Making your own vegetable crisps at home is a simple and rewarding way to enjoy a healthy, tasty snack. By using a variety of vegetables and experimenting with different seasonings, you can create a bespoke snack that’s full of flavour and nutrients. So next time you’re craving crisps, skip the shop-bought options and try making your own – your taste buds and your body will thank you!