A Taste of Medieval Britain: Recipes from the Yeoman Farmers' Table

Welcome, fellow food enthusiasts, to a culinary journey back in time to medieval Britain. 

Regular readers will be aware that I have a love of history and of how our ancestors would have dined.

In this blog post, we will recreate the humble yet hearty meals that would have graced the tables of yeoman farmers. 

These recipes reflect the simplicity and resourcefulness of the medieval peasantry, relying on locally sourced ingredients and traditional cooking methods.

A Brief Introduction to Yeoman Farmers

Yeoman farmers were a class of free men who owned and cultivated their own land. They were considered above the status of serfs but below the nobility. Their diet was primarily based on what they could grow or raise on their farms, and it varied seasonally. Let's explore some of the staple dishes that kept these hardworking individuals nourished and satisfied.

Pottage: The Medieval Stew

Pottage was a thick, hearty stew made from vegetables, grains, and occasionally meat. It was a staple of the medieval diet due to its simplicity and versatility.

Ingredients:

1 litre water

250g barley or oats

2 carrots, diced

1 parsnip, diced

1 onion, finely chopped

2 leeks, sliced

A handful of leafy greens (such as cabbage or kale)

Salt and pepper to taste

Fresh herbs (such as parsley, thyme, and sage)

Method:

Bring the water to a boil in a large pot.

Add the barley or oats and reduce the heat to a simmer.

Stir in the carrots, parsnip, onion, and leeks.

Simmer for 1-2 hours, stirring occasionally, until the grains and vegetables are tender.

Add the leafy greens and cook for an additional 10-15 minutes.

Season with salt, pepper, and fresh herbs before serving.

Rye Bread: A Rustic Loaf

Bread was a crucial part of the medieval diet, and rye was a common grain used by yeoman farmers. This dense, dark bread was filling and could be stored for several days.

Ingredients:

500g rye flour

250ml warm water

1 tsp salt

1 tsp honey or sugar

1 packet (7g) active dry yeast

Method:

In a small bowl, dissolve the yeast in warm water with the honey or sugar. Let it sit for 5-10 minutes until frothy.

In a large mixing bowl, combine the rye flour and salt.

Pour the yeast mixture into the flour mixture and stir until a dough forms.

Knead the dough on a floured surface for 10 minutes until smooth and elastic.

Place the dough in a lightly oiled bowl, cover with a damp cloth, and let it rise in a warm place for about 1 hour, or until doubled in size.

Preheat the oven to 200°C (180°C fan).

Shape the dough into a round loaf and place it on a baking tray.

Bake for 30-40 minutes, or until the loaf sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.

Let it cool on a wire rack before slicing.

Apple and Pear Tart: A Simple Dessert

Yeoman farmers had access to fruits like apples and pears, which they often used to make simple desserts. This tart is a delicious way to enjoy the seasonal bounty.

Ingredients:

2 large apples, peeled, cored, and sliced

2 large pears, peeled, cored, and sliced

200g plain flour

100g butter, chilled and cubed

2 tbsp sugar

1 egg, beaten

A pinch of salt

Method:

Preheat the oven to 180°C (160°C fan).

In a mixing bowl, rub the butter into the flour with your fingertips until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs.

Add the sugar and salt, and mix well.

Stir in the beaten egg and combine to form a dough. If the dough is too dry, add a splash of cold water.

Roll out the dough on a floured surface and line a tart tin with it.

Arrange the apple and pear slices in the tart shell.

Bake for 25-30 minutes, or until the fruit is tender and the crust is golden brown.

Allow to cool slightly before serving.

Conclusion

Recreating these recipes offers a glimpse into the lives of medieval yeoman farmers, highlighting their reliance on local, seasonal ingredients and simple cooking methods. While our modern palates may be accustomed to a wider variety of flavours and textures, there's something deeply satisfying about these rustic, hearty dishes. So, roll up your sleeves, gather your ingredients, and enjoy a taste of history from the comfort of your own kitchen.