Understanding Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Hidden but Life-Changing Autoimmune Condition

What Is Sjögren’s Syndrome?

Sjögren’s Syndrome (pronounced “SHOW-grins”) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own moisture-producing glands. 

It primarily affects the salivary and tear glands, leading to persistent dry eyes and dry mouth, but it can also involve other organs such as the lungs, kidneys, joints, skin, and nerves.

Named after the Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren, who first described the condition in the 1930s, this syndrome is still under-recognised today, despite affecting an estimated half a million people in the UK.

Primary vs Secondary Sjögren’s

Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome occurs on its own, without the presence of another autoimmune condition.

Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome develops alongside another autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

Sjögren’s Syndrome can affect people in very different ways, but the most common symptoms include:

Dry eyes (burning, gritty sensation, redness, blurred vision)

Dry mouth (difficulty swallowing, frequent thirst, dental issues)

Fatigue – often severe and chronic

Joint pain or swelling

Vaginal dryness

Dry skin or chronic cough

Swollen salivary glands

Peripheral neuropathy – numbness or tingling in hands and feet

Because many of these symptoms overlap with other conditions, Sjögren’s is often misdiagnosed or dismissed, particularly in women, who make up 90% of diagnosed cases.

Who’s at Risk?

Most commonly affects women over 40, although it can occur at any age

Family history of autoimmune diseases may increase risk

People with existing autoimmune conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to develop it as a secondary syndrome

Diagnosing Sjögren’s

Diagnosis can be challenging and often delayed. Typical tests include:

Blood tests (checking for ANA, SSA/Ro, and SSB/La antibodies)

Schirmer’s test to measure tear production

Salivary gland biopsy

Imaging like sialography or ultrasound of the salivary glands

A rheumatologist usually oversees diagnosis and treatment.

Living with Sjögren’s Syndrome

Although there is no cure, many people manage symptoms successfully with a combination of:

Artificial tears and saliva substitutes

Immunosuppressive medications (such as hydroxychloroquine)

Good oral hygiene and regular dental care

Moisturisers for skin and vaginal dryness

Pacing and rest for fatigue

Support groups and mental health care for emotional wellbeing

A multidisciplinary approach is essential, as the syndrome can affect many different systems.

Impact on Daily Life

Sjögren’s can significantly affect quality of life. Chronic dryness, fatigue, and joint pain may make it hard to work full-time, enjoy social activities, or maintain energy levels. Yet because it’s often an “invisible illness,” sufferers may feel misunderstood or dismissed.

Raising awareness is vital to improving early diagnosis, reducing stigma, and offering better support.

UK Resources for Support

Sjögren’s Syndrome UK (SSUK): www.sjogrenssyndromesupport.org.uk Offers support, information, and community forums.

Versus Arthritis – For those with secondary Sjögren’s.

The British Sjögren’s Syndrome Association (BSSA): Provides leaflets, webinars, and advice on living with the condition. https://sjogrensuk.org

NHS.uk – For general medical guidance and referrals.

Sjögren’s Syndrome is more than just a case of dry eyes or mouth, it’s a complex, systemic condition that can affect every aspect of a person’s life. By spreading awareness and encouraging those experiencing persistent symptoms to seek help, we can bring this under-recognised condition out of the shadows and into the spotlight where it belongs.

What foods and supplements might help people with Sjögren’s Syndrome?

1. Omega-3 Rich Foods

Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties which may help relieve dry eye symptoms and joint pain.

Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines)

Chia seeds

Flaxseeds

Walnuts

2. Hydrating Fruits and Vegetables

These support hydration and provide antioxidants.

Cucumber, celery, and lettuce

Watermelon and oranges

Berries (rich in vitamin C and polyphenols)

3. Anti-Inflammatory Foods

Reducing systemic inflammation may help with fatigue and joint discomfort.

Extra virgin olive oil

Tomatoes

Leafy greens (spinach, kale)

Turmeric and ginger (used in cooking or tea)

4. Soft, Moist Foods

These are easier to swallow and gentler on a dry mouth.

Soups and stews

Yoghurts and smoothies

Mashed vegetables or soft fruits

Supplements Worth Considering

1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Supplements such as fish oil or flaxseed oil may reduce eye dryness and inflammation. Always choose high-quality, mercury-free options.

2. Vitamin D

Many people with autoimmune conditions are deficient in vitamin D. Supplementation may support immune balance and reduce fatigue.

3. Vitamin C

Supports salivary gland function and overall immune health. Can be taken as a supplement or via diet.

4. Evening Primrose Oil or Borage Oil

Rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), these oils may help ease dryness and joint pain.

5. Probiotics

May support gut health and immune regulation, especially if the patient is also taking immunosuppressants.

Things to Avoid

Alcohol and caffeine – both can worsen dryness

Sugary and acidic foods – may aggravate dental issues common in Sjögren’s

Ultra-processed foods – may increase inflammation

Conclusion

While no specific diet cures Sjögren’s Syndrome, a nutrient-rich, anti-inflammatory eating plan alongside targeted supplements may significantly improve symptom management. It’s vital to consult a GP, dietitian, or rheumatologist before starting new supplements, particularly when other medications are involved.

Foods and Supplements That Can Help Improve Your Eyesight

Image courtesy Paul Diaconu from Pixabay

Good vision is something many of us take for granted, but as we age, maintaining sharp eyesight becomes increasingly important. 

I have worn glasses since I was 11 or 12 and developed cataracts in my mid 40s so am aware of the problems of eyesight from a personal perspective. All members if my family wear glasses or contact lenses.   

While genetics and age play a role in eye health, what we eat also has a significant impact. 

Fortunately, certain foods and supplements are known to support eye health, potentially improving eyesight and reducing the risk of common vision problems such as macular degeneration and cataracts.

In this blog post, we’ll explore the best foods and supplements to include in your diet to help keep your eyes healthy.

Foods That Improve Eyesight

A balanced, nutrient-rich diet is essential for eye health, and several key nutrients have been found to support good vision. Here are some foods packed with those nutrients that can help improve your eyesight:

1. Leafy Greens

Leafy green vegetables like spinach, kale, and collard greens are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, two powerful antioxidants that help protect the eyes from harmful light, including ultraviolet (UV) rays. These antioxidants also play a role in reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts.

Tip: Add a handful of spinach to your smoothies or salads for an easy eye-health boost.

2. Carrots

Carrots are famous for their vision-boosting benefits, and for good reason. They are packed with beta-carotene, a type of vitamin A that helps the retina and other parts of the eye function smoothly. Vitamin A is essential for maintaining the surface of the eye and preventing dry eyes.

Tip: Munch on raw carrots as a snack, or add them to soups, stews, and salads.

3. Citrus Fruits

Oranges, lemons, grapefruits, and other citrus fruits are high in vitamin C, which is a key nutrient for eye health. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that helps protect the eyes from oxidative stress and lowers the risk of cataracts and AMD.

Tip: Start your day with a fresh glass of orange juice or incorporate citrus fruits into your meals for an easy boost of vitamin C.

4. Fish High in Omega-3s

Fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, and sardines are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for maintaining healthy eyes, especially the retina. Omega-3s also help reduce dry eye symptoms by supporting the tear film, which keeps the eyes lubricated.

Tip: Aim to include fatty fish in your diet at least twice a week. If you’re not a fan of fish, consider taking an omega-3 supplement.

5. Eggs

Eggs are an excellent source of both lutein and zeaxanthin, as well as zinc and vitamin A, which help protect the cornea and improve night vision. These nutrients are vital for protecting the eyes from age-related damage and maintaining overall eye health.

Tip: Enjoy eggs as part of your breakfast or in salads, sandwiches, and other dishes.

6. Nuts and Seeds

Nuts and seeds, such as almonds, walnuts, and sunflower seeds, are high in vitamin E, an antioxidant that helps protect the eyes from oxidative damage. Vitamin E has been shown to reduce the risk of cataracts and AMD, particularly when consumed alongside other antioxidants like vitamin C.

Tip: A small handful of almonds or sunflower seeds makes for a convenient and nutritious snack.

7. Sweet Potatoes

Sweet potatoes, like carrots, are rich in beta-carotene, which helps maintain good vision and overall eye health. Beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A in the body, which is crucial for preventing dry eyes and night blindness.

Tip: Swap regular potatoes for sweet potatoes in your meals for an added vision-boosting benefit.

8. Whole Grains

Whole grains like brown rice, oats, and whole-wheat bread contain nutrients like zinc and vitamin E that support eye health. Zinc, in particular, is important for maintaining the health of the retina and lowering the risk of night blindness.

Tip: Choose whole grains over refined grains to improve your diet’s overall nutrient density.

Supplements That Support Eye Health

In addition to eating a balanced diet, certain supplements can provide an extra boost to your eye health. Here are some of the most effective supplements to consider:

1. Lutein and Zeaxanthin

These two carotenoids are found in high concentrations in the retina and are crucial for protecting the eyes from harmful light and oxidative stress. Studies have shown that supplements containing lutein and zeaxanthin can reduce the risk of AMD and improve visual performance in low-light conditions.

2. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

As mentioned earlier, omega-3s are essential for maintaining eye moisture and preventing dry eyes. If you’re not getting enough omega-3s from your diet, supplements like fish oil or algae-based omega-3s can be beneficial.

3. Vitamin C

Vitamin C helps protect the eyes from damage caused by free radicals and supports the health of blood vessels in the eyes. Taking a vitamin C supplement can help ensure you’re getting enough of this crucial nutrient, especially if your diet is lacking in citrus fruits.

4. Vitamin E

This powerful antioxidant helps protect the cells of the eyes from oxidative damage, and studies suggest it can help reduce the risk of cataracts. A vitamin E supplement can be especially helpful for individuals at risk of eye conditions related to ageing.

5. Zinc

Zinc plays an important role in maintaining healthy vision and preventing conditions like night blindness. It also helps the body absorb vitamin A, which is crucial for eye health. Zinc supplements are commonly included in eye-health formulations to support retinal health.

6. Vitamin A

If you’re not getting enough vitamin A from foods like carrots and sweet potatoes, a supplement can help ensure you’re meeting your needs. Vitamin A is vital for preventing dry eyes and night blindness and keeping the cornea healthy.

Conclusion

Maintaining good eyesight isn’t just about regular eye check-ups—it’s also about nourishing your eyes from within. By including nutrient-rich foods like leafy greens, carrots, and fatty fish in your diet, and considering key supplements like omega-3s, lutein, and vitamin A, you can give your eyes the support they need to stay healthy.

Remember, your diet is just one part of the equation. Protecting your eyes from excessive screen time, UV rays, and ensuring proper rest are also essential steps in safeguarding your vision. A combination of good nutrition and healthy habits will go a long way in preserving your eyesight for years to come.